Article 1: Adjunctive Techniques for Oral Cancer Examination and Lesion Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature 

1. Which one of the following terms was defined as the probability that someone who does not have a disease will generate a negative test result for that disease?
Select answer A. sensitivity B. specificity C. positive predictive value D. negative predictive value

2. Excluding studies with low quality ratings, what was the median sensitivity of tolonium chloride as a diagnostic adjunct?
Select answer A. 56 percent B. 72 percent C. 85 percent D. 91 percent

3. What was the lowest positive predictive value reported in studies of brush biopsy for detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions?
Select answer A. 22 percent B. 38 percent C. 44 percent D. 57 percent

4. Which one of the following terms was defined as the probability that someone with a positive test result for a disease actually has that disease?
Select answer A. sensitivity B. specificity C. positive predictive value D. negative predictive value

Article 2: The Role of Dentists in Diagnosing Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Patients With Dentinogenesis Imperfecta 

1. Which one of the following clinical signs is least consistent with a diagnosis of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)?
Select answer A. crowns with bulbous appearance B. narrow roots C. enlarged pulp chambers and root canals D. gray, brown or yellow discoloration

2. Which of the proposed types of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is considered the most severe form and typically is lethal in the perinatal period?
Select answer A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV

3. Approximately what percentage of OI cases are reported to include DI?
Select answer A. 30 percent B. 40 percent C. 50 percent D. 60 percent

4. Which type of OI involves a reduction in the quantity of structurally normal collagen?
Select answer A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV

Article 3: Clinical Efficacy of Casein Derivatives: A Systematic Review of the Literature 

1. Each of the following statements about casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is correct except which one?
Select answer A. It has 10-fold greater anticariogenic activity on a weight-basis than casein. B. It has oraganoleptic properties similar to those of casein. C. It binds readily to tooth and bacteria surfaces. D. It maintains supersaturation of calcium phosphate in plaque.

2. In a study of rats exposed to 1.0 percent weight per volume CPP-ACP, what reduction in smooth surface caries activity was observed?
Select answer A. 7 percent B. 38 percent C. 55 percent D. 64 percent

3. In adolescents who were treated with orthodontic brackets, what percentage of white-spot lesions disappeared based on visual assessment after three months of daily CPP-ACP use?
Select answer A. 29 percent B. 45 percent C. 55 percent D. 71 percent

4. In how many of the eight randomized clinical trials addressing caries prevention did investigators find that CPP-ACP had caries-preventive potential?
Select answer A. one B. two C. five D. seven

Article 4: Cariogenicity of Soft Drinks, Milk and Fruit Juice in Low-Income African-American Children: A Longitudinal Study 

1. What percentage of mean daily beverage consumption at baseline was attributed to soft drinks for children in cluster 2 (soft drinks)?
Select answer A. 39 percent B. 56 percent C. 67 percent D. 72 percent

2. What percentage of children in the study had a longitudinal pattern of “low-high” for soft drinks?
Select answer A. 28.2 percent B. 34.8 percent C. 41.3 percent D. 49.7 percent

3. At the follow-up examination, what percentage of the children had no new cavitated/dentinal, missing or filled surfaces?
Select answer A. 44.0 percent B. 52.4 percent C. 59.0 percent D. 63.6 percent

4. What was the risk of developing new filled surfaces among children in the “low-high” soft drink pattern group, compared with that in children in the reference group?
Select answer A. 2.67 times greater B. 3.01 times greater C. 3.72 times greater D. 4.15 times greater

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