Article 1: Transmigrant Impacted Mandibular Canines: A Retrospective Study of 15 Cases 

1. What is the incidence of mandibular canine impaction in the general population?
Select answer A. 0.35 to 0.44 percent B. 0.55 to 0.82 percent C. 1.33 to 2.15 percent D. 2.42 to 3.0 percent

2. Which one of the following was the most commonly observed location of the transmigrated mandibular canines in this study?
Select answer A. below the ipsilateral mandibular premolars B. below the mandibular incisors and contralateral canine C. below the contralateral mandibular premolars D. below the contralateral mandibular first molar

3. Which one of the following statements about the reported frequency of transmigrated canines in this study is correct?
Select answer A. Transmigration most frequently involves the left canine. B. Transmigration most frequently involves the right canine. C. Transmigration involves the left and right canines with equal frequency. D. Transmigration is most frequently bilateral.

4. What is the smallest angle of canine inclination believed to result in transmigration across the midline?
Select answer A. 10 degrees B. 15 degrees C. 20 degrees D. 30 degrees

Article 2: One-Appointment Endodontic Therapy: Biological Considerations 

1. In what percentage of teeth is the apical foramen not located at the apex?
Select answer A. more than 40 percent B. more than 50 percent C. more than 60 percent D. more than 70 percent

2. According to one study, what was the increase in incidence of treatment failure when 1 millimeter of working length was lost in treatment of a tooth with apical periodontitis?
Select answer A. 4 percent B. 9 percent C. 11 percent D. 14 percent

3. After mandibular molar canals in one study were enlarged to an apical size of no. 40, irrigated with 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite, rinsed with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and obturated with gutta-percha and zinc oxide–eugenol cement, what percentage contained bacteria?
Select answer A. 37 percent B. 59 percent C. 88 percent D. 93 percent

4. Which one of the following statements about the smear layer of dentin in root canals is not correct?
Select answer A. It is produced by bacteria and always present in canals before instrumentation. B. It can prevent penetration of antimicrobial irrigants and medicaments into the dentinal tubules. C. Materials used to remove it include EDTA and citric acid. D. No clear evidence links its removal with positive treatment outcomes.

Article 3: Comorbidities in Older Patients with HIV: A Retrospective Study 

1. Which one of the following comorbidities was most prevalent among men in this study’s sample?
Select answer A. hepatitis C virus (HCV) B. hypertension C. anemia D. neurological disorders

2. Which one of the following comorbidities was most prevalent among women in this study’s sample?
Select answer A. HCV B. hypertension C. anemia D. neurological disorders

3. Which one of the following groups made up the largest percentage of this study’s sample?
Select answer A. people with no comorbidities B. people with one comorbidity C. people with two comorbidities D. people with three or more comorbidities

4. Which one of the following was significantly more prevalent among people with CD4+ cell counts of less than 200 per cubic centimeter?
Select answer A. critically low absolute neutrophil count less than 1,000 microliters B. hemoglobin (Hgb) level less than 12 grams per deciliter for women or 13 g/dL for men C. critically low Hgb level less than 9 g/dL D. platelet count less than 50,000 milliliters

Article 4: The Use of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Composites as Bioactive Basing Materials: Their Effect on the Strength of the Composite/Adhesive/Dentin Bond 

1. What was the median particle size diameter (PDS) of the unmilled amorphous calcium phosphate materials?
Select answer A. 0.7 micrometers B. 1.9 micrometers C. 6.4 micrometers D. 8.1 micrometers

2. What was the median PDS of the milled zirconia-hybridized amorphous calcium phosphate material?
Select answer A. 0.7 micrometers B. 1.9 micrometers C. 6.4 micrometers D. 8.1 micrometers

3. What was the mean shear bond strength of the amorphous calcium phosphate composites, independent of filler type, resin composition and water aging interval?
Select answer A. 12.6 megapascals B. 18.3 MPa C. 23.7 MPa D. 29.4 MPa

4. After 24 hours of water aging, what percentage of debonded amorphous calcium phosphate composite surfaces showed adhesive failure?
Select answer A. 77.6 percent B. 84.5 percent C. 92.6 percent D. 98.1 percent

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